Cross-examining hundreds of public reports of air strikes in northwestern Syria from mid-October to mid-November 2016 makes one thing clear. The majority of air strikes flown by the Russian air force and, since Nov. 11, 2016, Russian naval aviation targeted insurgents from the Free Syrian Army in the area between Jishr Ash Shughour, Ma’arat An Nauman, Lataminah and Khan Sheikhoun in western Idlib governorate....
Insurgents of the Free Syrian Army hold this area, and have deliberately vacated many towns in an effort to spare them from air strikes. Moreover, the population of Ma’arat An Nauman staged daily mass protests against Al Nusra Front every single day for 130 consecutive days in 2016 — until repeated Russian air strikes, ostensibly targeting Al Nusrah, forced them to stop....
Exactly what the Russians are targeting there is largely unknown to outsiders —although it’s clear that the incendiary munitions Moscow is so fond of are causing widespread death and destruction in civilian areas of western Aleppo. What’s certain is that, after accidentally striking allied forces several times in 2016, the Russians halted any effort to bomb targets near any front line....
Certain conclusions are obvious. Foremost is that Moscow might be right when it stresses that it’s not bombing eastern Aleppo. However, that doesn’t meant than nobody is hitting civilians in that part of Aleppo. The Syrian regime is certainly doing so.