constitution drafted for using tax dollars to build the navy-due to middle east conflicts
1830 is the antebellum of america ’s relations with the middle east. It attained a legal and commercial status in the middle east equal to Europe and began selling American weaponry to the region. (p.116) They also sold cotton clothes, cloth itself, chairs, tables, carpets, textiles, glass and windows in exchange for rugs
1776-us forfeits the protection of britain ’’s navy and have no navy of their own.
1784-The boston brig betsy is seized by Moroccan pirates
1785-john lamb conducts first diplomatic mission to mid east
1787 spurred in part by the need to confront N.Africa, delegates meet in Philadelphia to draft a constitution
1788-first American john ledyard explored mid east
1794-congress votes to create a navy “adequate for the protection of the commerce of the US against Algerian corsairs.”
1801-Tripoli declares war on the US
1803-Tripoli captures the USS Philadelphia and its 305 man crew.
1815-James Madison dispatches an Am. Fleet to force Algiers , Tripoli , and Tunis to cease attacks against American ships.
1821-Greek war begins and forces America to determine if it will give arms to Greece because it was a Christian nation and thus ruin forever the commerce trades it could have with the Ottoman empire or decide to go with economics. US stays out of the war and therefore secures its ability to do trade with the mid east.
p.17 America was a seafaring nation with it shipbuilding wood and natural harbors. It lost its ability to trade with the world when Britain ’s navy didn’t protect it. Pirates and barbaries were able to infiltrate their ships and take hostages. The profits of the trade outweighed the harships. Americans got raisins, capers, figs while giving timber, tobacco, and sugar. Big thing is Americans traded rum for Turkish opium in which the Turkish sold to China .
Pg18-By the 1770’s 1/5th of the colonies annual exports were destined for Mediterranean docks. Prior to the Revolution the only threat to America ’s trade came from the Middle East who seemed set on preying on their cargoes and enslaving American crews.
From the 12th-to 18th century the barbary pirates were a threat to Europeans (Miguel de Cervantes).
-Earliest attack against Europeans by north Africans was in 1625 when Moroccan corsairs captured a merchant ship sailing from N. America .
20 years later Algerians attacked an American ship but were repelled.. In 1678 Algiers seized another Massachussetts ship and 13 vessels from Virginia . Of the 390 english captives ransomed from Algiers in 1680, 11 were residents of New England and New York . This is when America started to ask Britain for protection and Britain would assign soldiers on the American ships to protect the ships.
According to the Franco-American Treaty of Alliance signed in 1778 France was supposed to proved soldiers for US ships to protect them against any attack in the Barbary seas. But when called on by the US to protect them, France backed out due to fear it would interfere with their own trade with the mid east and their alliance with Britain whom at the time considered the US an enemy.
2 months after Betsy was captured, Dauphin and Maria were abducted by Algiers . Now the muslims did this b/c America was supposed to do a peace treaty with them and pay a price to travel their seas, but congress took to long to act and offended the emperor of Morocco; so the Moroccans in retaliation felt it necessary to capture the American ships to prove to the Americans that the seas were theirs and that the Americans could not travel them for free without paying the Moroccans. This is why they captured the Betsy.
Lord Sheffield stated “it will not be an easy matter to bring the American states to act as a nation. America cannot retaliate.” America began paying for the release of American captives from Algiers .
Thomas Jefferson stated “we ought to begin a naval power, if we mean to carry our own commerce. It will procure us respect in Europe and respect is a safeguard to interest. He wanted the US to join spain , Portugal , naples , denmark Sweden , and france against Barbary and with its combined navies set up a permanent presence in N.africa’s coast. He asked congress for 2million to build a navy ship w/150guns but was denied. Instead they gave him $70000 to build one.
Tripoli ’s Abd al-Rahman pronounced no nation could travel the Mediterranean without a peace treaty with them or without paying 30,000 guineas, plus 3000 guinea gratuity. Morocco and Algiers stated the same, except twice as much to travel their seas. The total came to $1 million American dollars, which at the time was a tenth of America ’s annual budget.
p.28 America bought back the Betsy for $20,000 as well as a Treaty of Peace. It build it’s oldest national landmark in Tangier.
p.29George Washington stated that he believed “the American people would prefer confrontation with Barbary to blackmail, but they still lacked the warships to fight.”
“Without a national system of gov’t America will become prey to the nations of the earth.”-Benjamin Russell wrote to John Adams.
In 1787 during the drafting of the constitution this is what was stated:
What is there to prevent an Algerine pirate from landing on your coast and carrying your citizens into slavery.” Hugh Williamson.
p.29“May not the Algerines seize our vessels?” George Nicholas from Kentucky .
p.30“If we mean to be a commercial people….we must endeavor as soon as possible to have a navy.” –Alexander Hamilton
p. 31-These men began to welcome pirate attacks because they knew it would compel the states to rally against the middle east and unify (since they were not united and had no reason to unite or pay taxes to support anything outside of individual states) under paying taxes to build a navy and thus began the propaganda spread in newspapers to instill fear among Americans of the middle east by reporting on all the attacks and deaths suffered by Americans sailing to the middle east. This united the states because almost all the states shipped products abroad and those who did not were attached to companies that did and it was enticing to see how much more money they could make if their goods were not stolen by pirates or if they had the freedom and protection to ship goods out to the middle east and receive goods from their to sell back in the US.
p.31&p32-On March 4, 1789 the constitution adopted and declared congress the right to declare war and “to provide and maintain a navy.” Thus the threat from the middle east played a role in creating a truly United states. For the first time America was a nation capable of defending not only its borders at home but its vital economic interests overseas.
P33 On Dec.1790 Jefferson recommended America go to war. “the liberation of our citizens has an intimate connection with the liberation of our commerce in the Mediterranean,” he explained to congress.The senate rejected his proposition and paid $140,000 for the purposes of paying of ransoms and tributes. Jefferson took $25,000 of the $140,000 and gave it to an officer John Paul Jones to take to Algiers, knowing that the dey/leader would not accept it. Jefferson did this to try and insult the leader and get him to initiate an attack on the Americans, so Jefferson could lie to America and say he offered the leader $140,000 and he still would not take it, when in fact he only offered $25,000 for the release of captives. He felt the rejection would lead congress to invest in a full-time Mediterranean squadron. Jones died before being able to carry out the plan. Meanwhile Algier captured 11 more American ships and shackled 119 sailors.
1830 is the antebellum of america ’s relations with the middle east. It attained a legal and commercial status in the middle east equal to Europe and began selling American weaponry to the region. (p.116) They also sold cotton clothes, cloth itself, chairs, tables, carpets, textiles, glass and windows in exchange for rugs
1776-us forfeits the protection of britain ’’s navy and have no navy of their own.
1784-The boston brig betsy is seized by Moroccan pirates
1785-john lamb conducts first diplomatic mission to mid east
1787 spurred in part by the need to confront N.Africa, delegates meet in Philadelphia to draft a constitution
1788-first American john ledyard explored mid east
1794-congress votes to create a navy “adequate for the protection of the commerce of the US against Algerian corsairs.”
1801-Tripoli declares war on the US
1803-Tripoli captures the USS Philadelphia and its 305 man crew.
1815-James Madison dispatches an Am. Fleet to force Algiers , Tripoli , and Tunis to cease attacks against American ships.
1821-Greek war begins and forces America to determine if it will give arms to Greece because it was a Christian nation and thus ruin forever the commerce trades it could have with the Ottoman empire or decide to go with economics. US stays out of the war and therefore secures its ability to do trade with the mid east.
p.17 America was a seafaring nation with it shipbuilding wood and natural harbors. It lost its ability to trade with the world when Britain ’s navy didn’t protect it. Pirates and barbaries were able to infiltrate their ships and take hostages. The profits of the trade outweighed the harships. Americans got raisins, capers, figs while giving timber, tobacco, and sugar. Big thing is Americans traded rum for Turkish opium in which the Turkish sold to China .
Pg18-By the 1770’s 1/5th of the colonies annual exports were destined for Mediterranean docks. Prior to the Revolution the only threat to America ’s trade came from the Middle East who seemed set on preying on their cargoes and enslaving American crews.
From the 12th-to 18th century the barbary pirates were a threat to Europeans (Miguel de Cervantes).
-Earliest attack against Europeans by north Africans was in 1625 when Moroccan corsairs captured a merchant ship sailing from N. America .
20 years later Algerians attacked an American ship but were repelled.. In 1678 Algiers seized another Massachussetts ship and 13 vessels from Virginia . Of the 390 english captives ransomed from Algiers in 1680, 11 were residents of New England and New York . This is when America started to ask Britain for protection and Britain would assign soldiers on the American ships to protect the ships.
According to the Franco-American Treaty of Alliance signed in 1778 France was supposed to proved soldiers for US ships to protect them against any attack in the Barbary seas. But when called on by the US to protect them, France backed out due to fear it would interfere with their own trade with the mid east and their alliance with Britain whom at the time considered the US an enemy.
2 months after Betsy was captured, Dauphin and Maria were abducted by Algiers . Now the muslims did this b/c America was supposed to do a peace treaty with them and pay a price to travel their seas, but congress took to long to act and offended the emperor of Morocco; so the Moroccans in retaliation felt it necessary to capture the American ships to prove to the Americans that the seas were theirs and that the Americans could not travel them for free without paying the Moroccans. This is why they captured the Betsy.
Lord Sheffield stated “it will not be an easy matter to bring the American states to act as a nation. America cannot retaliate.” America began paying for the release of American captives from Algiers .
Thomas Jefferson stated “we ought to begin a naval power, if we mean to carry our own commerce. It will procure us respect in Europe and respect is a safeguard to interest. He wanted the US to join spain , Portugal , naples , denmark Sweden , and france against Barbary and with its combined navies set up a permanent presence in N.africa’s coast. He asked congress for 2million to build a navy ship w/150guns but was denied. Instead they gave him $70000 to build one.
Tripoli ’s Abd al-Rahman pronounced no nation could travel the Mediterranean without a peace treaty with them or without paying 30,000 guineas, plus 3000 guinea gratuity. Morocco and Algiers stated the same, except twice as much to travel their seas. The total came to $1 million American dollars, which at the time was a tenth of America ’s annual budget.
p.28 America bought back the Betsy for $20,000 as well as a Treaty of Peace. It build it’s oldest national landmark in Tangier.
p.29George Washington stated that he believed “the American people would prefer confrontation with Barbary to blackmail, but they still lacked the warships to fight.”
“Without a national system of gov’t America will become prey to the nations of the earth.”-Benjamin Russell wrote to John Adams.
In 1787 during the drafting of the constitution this is what was stated:
What is there to prevent an Algerine pirate from landing on your coast and carrying your citizens into slavery.” Hugh Williamson.
p.29“May not the Algerines seize our vessels?” George Nicholas from Kentucky .
p.30“If we mean to be a commercial people….we must endeavor as soon as possible to have a navy.” –Alexander Hamilton
p. 31-These men began to welcome pirate attacks because they knew it would compel the states to rally against the middle east and unify (since they were not united and had no reason to unite or pay taxes to support anything outside of individual states) under paying taxes to build a navy and thus began the propaganda spread in newspapers to instill fear among Americans of the middle east by reporting on all the attacks and deaths suffered by Americans sailing to the middle east. This united the states because almost all the states shipped products abroad and those who did not were attached to companies that did and it was enticing to see how much more money they could make if their goods were not stolen by pirates or if they had the freedom and protection to ship goods out to the middle east and receive goods from their to sell back in the US.
p.31&p32-On March 4, 1789 the constitution adopted and declared congress the right to declare war and “to provide and maintain a navy.” Thus the threat from the middle east played a role in creating a truly United states. For the first time America was a nation capable of defending not only its borders at home but its vital economic interests overseas.
P33 On Dec.1790 Jefferson recommended America go to war. “the liberation of our citizens has an intimate connection with the liberation of our commerce in the Mediterranean,” he explained to congress.The senate rejected his proposition and paid $140,000 for the purposes of paying of ransoms and tributes. Jefferson took $25,000 of the $140,000 and gave it to an officer John Paul Jones to take to Algiers, knowing that the dey/leader would not accept it. Jefferson did this to try and insult the leader and get him to initiate an attack on the Americans, so Jefferson could lie to America and say he offered the leader $140,000 and he still would not take it, when in fact he only offered $25,000 for the release of captives. He felt the rejection would lead congress to invest in a full-time Mediterranean squadron. Jones died before being able to carry out the plan. Meanwhile Algier captured 11 more American ships and shackled 119 sailors.