The Mansingh studies have enumerated Howell's innumerable borrowings
from the Indians --- his name Gangunguru Maragh
(from gyan, knowledge; guna, virtue; guru, teacher; and Maharadj,
King); his prayers' use of Hindi words; his concept of a God-King;
the sacramental use of ganja, meditation, vegetarian cooking and
spices, and even the holy salutation --- 'Jah! Rastafari!'
One can hear the loud chants of Jai Bhagwan, Jai Rama, Jai
Krishna, or Jai Kali (victory to God/Rama/Krishna/Kali) at any
private or community Hindu Pooja or prayer meeting...As Ras
Tafari gained the status of African Lord Rama/Krishna during
the 1940s, phonetic usage of the word Jai was continued. But
Rama, Krishna and Kali were replaced by Ras Tafari. Searching
the Old Testament...the Rastas found the word Jah, which is
phonetically similar to the Hindi word Jai.
Howell not only borrowed some exotic words and rituals
from the Indians to feed the fancies of an illiterate audience, he also
adopted a way of thinking. Indian thought --- karma and rebirth---
provided him with a system that resolved the western dichotomy of
heaven and hell, Jesus and Satan, black and white, spirit and flesh.