I thought some of you might find this interesting.
May 28, 2010
The Moynihan Future
By JAMES T. PATTERSON
Providence, R.I.
FORTY-FIVE years ago this month, Assistant Secretary of Labor Daniel Patrick Moynihan began quietly circulating a report he had recently completed about the “tangle of pathology” — out-of-wedlock births, fatherless households — damaging low-income black families. The title said it all: “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action.”
It proved enormously controversial and established its author’s reputation as an iconoclast, yet today the Moynihan Report is largely forgotten. Sadly, its predictions about the decline of the black family have proven largely correct. Fortunately, many of its prescriptions remain equally relevant.
The report greatly impressed Mr. Moynihan’s colleagues in the Johnson administration.
. Labor Secretary W. Willard Wirtz, forwarding it to the White House, described an accompanying memo from Moynihan as “nine pages of dynamite about the Negro situation.”
President Johnson then asked Moynihan to help draft his famous 1965 commencement address at Howard University. Celebrating the 1964 Civil Rights Act and a voting-rights bill about to pass, the president nonetheless warned that freedom alone was not enough; changes in the economic and social situation of America’s blacks, the focus of Moynihan’s report, were likewise pressing. “We seek not just freedom but opportunity,” he declared. “We seek not just legal equity but human ability, not just equality as a right and a theory but equality as a fact and as a result.”
Many black leaders lauded the address. The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. told Johnson, “Never before has a president articulated the depths and dimensions of the problem of racial injustice more eloquently and profoundly.”
In late July, however, escalation in Vietnam began swallowing up money that might have supported the sort of social initiatives Moynihan and Johnson called for. In August, the Watts riots frightened many whites away from backing civil rights causes. Johnson’s powerful liberal coalition started to crack, and along with it his chances of passing wide-reaching social legislation.
Moreover, when the report was leaked that summer, its unflattering portrait of black families angered militant civil rights leaders. Some charged that Moynihan had “blamed the victim.” James Farmer, head of the Congress of Racial Equality, denounced the report as a “massive cop-out for the white conscience.”
Johnson was afraid to antagonize the civil rights leaders, and the report was soon consigned to oblivion. The moment, Moynihan later lamented, had been lost. Today many Americans continue to regard impoverished black people as undeserving malingerers, while others, still worried about offending black activists, insist that white racism is the sole explanation of racial inequality.
Meanwhile Moynihan’s pessimistic prophecies have come true. In 1965, a quarter of nonwhite births in the United States were out of wedlock, eight times the proportion among whites. Today the proportion of nonmarital births among non-Hispanic blacks exceeds 72 percent, compared with a proportion among non-Hispanic whites of around 28 percent.
Only 38 percent of black children now live with married parents, compared with three-quarters of non-Hispanic white children. Many boys in fatherless families drop out of school, fail to find living-wage work and turn to idleness or crime. Many girls become poverty-stricken single mothers themselves.
There are no magic bullets for the rise of out-of-wedlock births, a trend rooted in the decline in marriage rates and one that has affected other western nations as well. But as Moynihan recommended, we can expand employment programs to help young black people find work.
Our major effort, though, must be to help the very young. Black community leaders should collaborate with philanthropists and public officials in multi-faceted programs aimed at advancing the cognitive and social development, and ensuring the safety, of pre-school and school-age children in troubled neighborhoods.
Such efforts might be modeled on those of the Harlem Children’s Zone, which Barack Obama promised in 2008 to help replicate in 20 cities. The project features a “baby college” offering a nine-week parenting program, all-day kindergarten classes, K-12 charter schools, after-school tutoring, summer school, family counseling and a health clinic. In 2008 it reached some 8,000 children in a 100-block area, at a cost of $58 million.
None of this is cheap, or a guaranteed success. But if we do not act, the “tangle of pathology” that Moynihan described in 1965, having grown far worse, will be impossible to unravel, and America will become more deeply divided than ever along class and racial lines.
James T. Patterson is a professor emeritus of history at Brown and the author of “Freedom Is Not Enough: The Moynihan Report and America’s Struggle Over Black Family Life From L.B.J. to Obama.”
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/29/opinion/29Patterson.html?src=mv